India is building indigenous capabilities in tunnel boring machine (TBM) design and manufacturing to support its expanding infrastructure sector and reduce dependence on imported machinery. Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has said that India is progressing towards self-reliance in TBM technology, with domestic manufacturing expanding to machines of different sizes.
TBMs are specialised machines used to excavate tunnels for metro rail networks, highways, railway corridors and other major infrastructure projects. Their domestic availability is becoming increasingly important as India expands underground transport networks and high-speed rail connectivity.
India Targets Larger Tunnel Boring Machines
Vaishnaw said India is already manufacturing TBMs with diameters of up to eight metres, while production of machines with diameters of around 15 metres is also underway. The country aims to manufacture machines exceeding 16 metres in diameter in the near future.
A TBM manufacturing facility in Tamil Nadu is contributing to the country’s domestic production capabilities. The broader objective is to develop expertise across the entire ecosystem, including machine design, manufacturing and maintenance.
Reducing Dependence on Imports
India has historically relied heavily on imported TBMs, including equipment supplied by Chinese manufacturers. Developing domestic capabilities could help reduce supply-chain vulnerabilities, improve equipment availability and support the timely execution of infrastructure projects.
The need for indigenous manufacturing has gained importance amid China’s new export controls on certain tunnel boring machines and related technologies, scheduled to take effect on November 18, 2026. The restrictions have raised concerns about access to specialised equipment for infrastructure projects.
BEML’s Role in Indigenous TBM Development
State-owned Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML) is also pursuing the indigenous design and development of TBMs. The company has explored partnerships with international engineering firms to develop domestic manufacturing expertise.
The Centre is additionally considering a $1.2 billion incentive scheme to encourage domestic production of advanced construction and infrastructure equipment, including TBMs. The proposed scheme aims to attract fresh investment and strengthen local manufacturing capabilities.
As India continues investing in metro networks, high-speed rail and road tunnels, indigenous TBM manufacturing could become a strategic component of its infrastructure development and broader manufacturing ambitions.
