In India, land holds profound significance, serving as more than just physical space but also as a symbol of identity, status, and emotional attachment. With its diverse landscape and rich history, India’s land ownership is a complex and multifaceted aspect of its social, economic, and political fabric.
Contrary to common assumptions, recent revelations from the Government Land Information website reveals that the Catholic Church of India emerges as the second-largest landowner in the country, following the government. Their extensive land holdings are estimated at a staggering 7 crore hectares (17.29 crore acres) nationwide according to Medium.
Government: The Primary Custodian of Land
Comparatively, as of February 2021, the Indian government itself possesses approximately 15,531 square kilometres of land, with various public sector companies and ministries utilising portions of it. In stark contrast, the Catholic Church’s expansive land portfolio comprises diverse properties, ranging from churches to educational institutions like colleges and schools, with a combined value estimated at around Rs 20,000 crore.
Historical Context
The roots of the Catholic Church’s land ownership can be traced back to the pre-independence era when it received substantial land grants from the British government under the Indian Church Act of 1927. However, controversies surrounding allegations of forceful acquisition have frequently arisen, complicating the matter.
Governance of the Catholic Church’s extensive land assets falls under the purview of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI), spanning the entire nation from Goa to the northeastern states. These lands serve as sites for numerous educational and healthcare institutions, reflecting the Church’s commitment to social welfare and community service.
In terms of education alone, the Catholic Church boasts an impressive presence, with thousands of schools and colleges under its administration. In 2012, there were reported to be 2457 hospital dispensaries, 240 medical or nursing colleges, 28 general colleges, 5 engineering colleges, 3765 secondary schools, 7319 primary schools, and 3187 nursery schools across India affiliated with the Catholic Church.
Despite governmental directives issued in 1965 regarding the recognition of land grants from the British government, unresolved disputes persist due to non-compliance and ongoing legal challenges over the legitimacy of these holdings.
It’s important to note that the Catholic Church’s significant land ownership is a matter of public interest, especially considering its implications for land distribution, social welfare, and governance in India. As such, ongoing debates and legal challenges surrounding the legitimacy and transparency of these holdings underscore the need for greater scrutiny and accountability in the management of land assets, both by religious institutions and governmental authorities.
Similarly, Waqf properties managed by autonomous boards serve as vital religious and communal spaces for Muslims. Despite facing legal scrutiny, these properties remain integral to India’s religious landscape, reflecting the nation’s rich cultural tapestry.
The Hindu Temple Data: Missing Pieces of the Puzzle
Amidst the wealth of data on government and minority land holdings, a notable absence looms—the elusive realm of Hindu temple lands. Data on these sacred spaces remain shrouded in mystery, obscured by government control and bureaucratic opacity. This glaring gap in information raises questions about transparency and accountability in land governance, underscoring the need for greater scrutiny and public discourse.
Additionally, while the Catholic Church’s educational and healthcare contributions are commendable, questions regarding access, affordability, and inclusivity remain pertinent. As India continues to grapple with issues of social equity and development, ensuring that land resources are utilised judiciously and for the benefit of all citizens is paramount.
