West Bengal stands as the top producer of pineapples in India, accounting for over 17% of the nation’s total output. The state’s fertile soil and humid climate create ideal conditions for pineapple cultivation, particularly in districts such as Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar, and Darjeeling. The “Queen” variety, known for its distinct aroma and sweetness, is especially popular in these areas. Pineapple farming has become an essential livelihood for many small and marginal farmers across the region.
Pineapple Production Statistics
According to the Ministry of Agriculture for 2023-24, West Bengal produces more than 450,000 tonnes of pineapples annually. The state grows both the “Queen” and “Kew” varieties, which are highly sought after in the domestic market for their flavor and juiciness. Other leading pineapple-producing states include Assam, Kerala, Karnataka, and Bihar.
Top Pineapple Growing States in India
- Assam: Known for its high rainfall and acidic soil, Assam’s districts like Darrang and Nagaon provide excellent conditions for pineapple cultivation. Most pineapples grown here are consumed within the state.
- Kerala: Home to large pineapple plantations in places like Vazhakulam (often called the “Pineapple City of India”), Kerala primarily grows the “Kew” variety. The Vazhakulam pineapple has also earned a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, recognizing its unique quality.
- Karnataka: Pineapple farming in Karnataka occurs mainly in Kodagu and Udupi districts, where it is often intercropped with arecanut and coconut, offering farmers a profitable combination.
- Bihar: Pineapple cultivation in Bihar is concentrated in Katihar and Purnea districts. While smaller in volume, the pineapples from Bihar are widely distributed across northern India.
Interesting Facts About Pineapple Farming in India
- Global Ranking: India is among the top five pineapple-producing countries worldwide, with most production consumed domestically.
- Dominant Varieties: The “Queen” and “Kew” varieties dominate the Indian pineapple market, with “Queen” being smaller and aromatic, and “Kew” larger and juicier.
- Geographical Indication: Kerala’s Vazhakulam pineapple has a GI tag, highlighting its special origin and quality.
- Kharif Crop: Pineapple is primarily grown as a kharif (monsoon) crop, though some states cultivate it year-round.
- Tribal Livelihoods: Pineapple farming is a crucial income source for tribal communities in northeastern states like Tripura and Meghalaya. It is often included in government rural upliftment programs.
Pineapple cultivation plays a vital role in India’s agricultural landscape, especially in states like West Bengal, which lead production due to their favorable climates and traditional farming methods. The crop supports the livelihoods of many small farmers and tribal communities and holds strong domestic demand, making it an important part of the country’s economy and rural development efforts.
