Iraq was once the heart of the Abbasid Caliphate and a beacon of knowledge, thriving in trade, culture, and innovation until the 15th century. Baghdad stood as the most prosperous city in the Middle East, a hub for education and technology. However, Iraq’s prominence in the region was eventually overshadowed, leading to its current struggles.
The Rise and Golden Era of Iraq
From the 8th to the 15th century, Iraq flourished as the center of the Abbasid Caliphate. Its capital, Baghdad, was the most powerful city in the region, contributing greatly to advancements in science, literature, and education. The economy thrived, and the country’s GDP and per capita income outpaced other Middle Eastern nations.
Decline under the Ottoman Empire
From 1534 to 1918, Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire. After World War I, the British captured Baghdad, and the country entered a period of instability. In 1932, Iraq gained formal independence, but World War II led to British reoccupation, further stalling its progress.
Saddam Hussein’s Rule and Wars
Iraq saw a brief period of stability under Saddam Hussein after he became president in 1979. However, this stability soon crumbled as Iraq waged wars against Iran (1980-1988) and Kuwait (1990). These conflicts crippled Iraq’s economy and led to international military intervention. The 1991 Gulf War and the sanctions that followed left Iraq economically devastated.
The U.S. Invasion and Collapse
In 2003, the U.S. invasion of Iraq, prompted by accusations of weapons of mass destruction, marked the final blow to the country’s once-prominent position. Saddam Hussein was executed, and Iraq was left in ruins, struggling to rebuild amidst ongoing violence and instability.
Turkey’s Rise as the Leading Muslim Nation
While Iraq’s decline continues, Turkey has emerged as the most influential Muslim nation in 2024. Turkey’s rapidly growing defense industry and impressive economic growth position it as a key player in the global arena, solidifying its status as the strongest Muslim country today.
